淤泥處理的方法及優缺點分析
2020-07-30
青州永生環保清淤裝備有限公司
①淤泥的衛生填埋
(1) Sanitary landfill of silt
這種處置方法簡單、易行、成本低，淤泥又不需要高度脫水，適應性強。但是淤泥填埋也存在一些問題，尤指填埋滲濾液和氣體的形成。滲濾液是一種被嚴重污染的液體，如果填埋場選址或運行不當會污染地下水環境。填埋場產生的氣體主要是甲烷，若不采取適當措施會引起和燃燒。
This disposal method is simple, easy to operate, low cost, mud does not need high dehydration, and has strong adaptability. However, there are some problems in sludge landfill, especially the formation of leachate and gas. Leachate is a seriously polluted liquid. If the landfill site is not located or operated properly, it will pollute the groundwater environment. Landfill gases are mainly methane, which can cause explosion and combustion if appropriate measures are not taken.
②淤泥的直接土地利用
(2) Direct land use of silt
淤泥土地直接利用因投資少、能耗低、運行費用低、有機部分可轉化成土壤改良劑成分等優點，被認為是有發展潛力的一種處置方式，科學合理的土地利用，可減少淤泥帶來的負面效應。林地和市政綠化的利用因不易造成食物鏈的污染而成為淤泥土地利用的有效方式。淤泥用于嚴重擾動的土地(如礦場土地、森林采伐場、垃圾填埋場、地表嚴重破壞區等需要復墾的土地)的修復與重建，減少了淤泥對人類生活的潛在威脅，既處置了淤泥又恢復了生態環境。
Because of the advantages of low investment, low energy consumption, low operating cost, organic part can be converted into soil amendment components, direct utilization of silt land is considered as one of the most potential disposal methods. Scientific and rational land use can reduce the negative effects of silt. The utilization of woodland and municipal greening has become an effective way to use silt land because it is not easy to pollute the food chain. Silt is used to repair and rebuild the seriously disturbed land (such as mine land, forest cutting field, landfill, surface seriously damaged area, etc.), which needs reclamation. It reduces the potential threat of silt to human life, disposes of silt and restores the ecological environment.
③淤泥的焚燒
Incineration of sludge
濕淤泥干化后再直接焚燒應用得較為普遍，沒有經過干化的淤泥直接進行焚燒不僅十分困難，而且在能耗上也是不經濟的。 以焚燒為核心的淤泥處理方法是的淤泥處理方法，它能使有機物全部碳化，殺死病原體，可限度地減少淤泥體積;但是其缺點在于處理設施投資大，處理費用高。
The direct incineration of wet sludge after drying is widely used. It is not only very difficult to incinerate directly without drying sludge, but also very uneconomical in energy consumption. The sludge treatment method with incineration as the core is the most thorough sludge treatment method. It can carbonize all organic matter, kill pathogens and minimize the volume of sludge. However, its shortcoming lies in the large investment of treatment facilities and the high cost of treatment.
(1) Sanitary landfill of silt
這種處置方法簡單、易行、成本低，淤泥又不需要高度脫水，適應性強。但是淤泥填埋也存在一些問題，尤指填埋滲濾液和氣體的形成。滲濾液是一種被嚴重污染的液體，如果填埋場選址或運行不當會污染地下水環境。填埋場產生的氣體主要是甲烷，若不采取適當措施會引起和燃燒。
This disposal method is simple, easy to operate, low cost, mud does not need high dehydration, and has strong adaptability. However, there are some problems in sludge landfill, especially the formation of leachate and gas. Leachate is a seriously polluted liquid. If the landfill site is not located or operated properly, it will pollute the groundwater environment. Landfill gases are mainly methane, which can cause explosion and combustion if appropriate measures are not taken.
②淤泥的直接土地利用
(2) Direct land use of silt
淤泥土地直接利用因投資少、能耗低、運行費用低、有機部分可轉化成土壤改良劑成分等優點，被認為是有發展潛力的一種處置方式，科學合理的土地利用，可減少淤泥帶來的負面效應。林地和市政綠化的利用因不易造成食物鏈的污染而成為淤泥土地利用的有效方式。淤泥用于嚴重擾動的土地(如礦場土地、森林采伐場、垃圾填埋場、地表嚴重破壞區等需要復墾的土地)的修復與重建，減少了淤泥對人類生活的潛在威脅，既處置了淤泥又恢復了生態環境。
Because of the advantages of low investment, low energy consumption, low operating cost, organic part can be converted into soil amendment components, direct utilization of silt land is considered as one of the most potential disposal methods. Scientific and rational land use can reduce the negative effects of silt. The utilization of woodland and municipal greening has become an effective way to use silt land because it is not easy to pollute the food chain. Silt is used to repair and rebuild the seriously disturbed land (such as mine land, forest cutting field, landfill, surface seriously damaged area, etc.), which needs reclamation. It reduces the potential threat of silt to human life, disposes of silt and restores the ecological environment.
③淤泥的焚燒
Incineration of sludge
濕淤泥干化后再直接焚燒應用得較為普遍，沒有經過干化的淤泥直接進行焚燒不僅十分困難，而且在能耗上也是不經濟的。 以焚燒為核心的淤泥處理方法是的淤泥處理方法，它能使有機物全部碳化，殺死病原體，可限度地減少淤泥體積;但是其缺點在于處理設施投資大，處理費用高。
The direct incineration of wet sludge after drying is widely used. It is not only very difficult to incinerate directly without drying sludge, but also very uneconomical in energy consumption. The sludge treatment method with incineration as the core is the most thorough sludge treatment method. It can carbonize all organic matter, kill pathogens and minimize the volume of sludge. However, its shortcoming lies in the large investment of treatment facilities and the high cost of treatment.
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